Hip-hop moments that shook the world

It wasn't meant to last. When hip-hop emerged in the 1970s, it aspired simply to capture the sentiments, camaraderie and frustrations of inner-city New York.

Yet, refusing to give in to early prophecies that it would come and go, the genre continues to thrive 35 years on, spilling over from music into art, fashion, TV and film. How Hip Hop Changed the World, a new documentary airing this week on Channel 4, will examine the story of the movement and how it has influenced pop culture – but for those who don't know their hips from their hops, here's a quick primer of the 10 most notable moments in the genre's history.

The birth of a new art form (1970s)

Hip-hop DJs in the early 1970s were defined more than anything by their technique, captivating funk fans in a way never before ventured – and their way was led by Jamaican-born spinner Kool Herc in the Bronx. He discovered a way to emphasise the "break" (the part of a record where the kick drum is most prominent) to get inner-city kids on the dance floor at his parties, and used this point to mix one song with another, with the help of two turntables. Throw in his "rapping" – rhythmic announcements that later became the sole job of the master of ceremony, or MC – and you have the revolutionary birth of hip-hop music.

Over the years, DJs such as Grand Wizard Theodore and Grandmaster Flash developed further techniques, their particular contribution being to popularise "scratching" (moving a record back and forth on the turntable). Becoming entertainers in their own right, they paved the way for the culture of the superstar DJ epitomised by Pete Tong and Paul Oakenfold in the 1990s.

Alongside the music, a new form of street dance emerged. Encouraged by the DJs' breakbeats, young "breakdancing" African-Americans and Latinos were christened "b-boys" and "b-girls" for their style of frenetic, acrobatic movement. In 1984, a film called Beat Street hit cinemas across the US, earnt a screening at Cannes, and made groups such as the New York City Breakers and Rock Steady Crew household names. The influence of their style of dance can still be seen – from the triumphs of George Sampson and London street crew Diversity in winning Britain's Got Talent, to the choreography of dance flicks such as Step Up.

Graffiti writers also found themselves crossing over into the subculture. It was the rebellious nature of the music that resonated with these artists, as many took to graffiti as an act of social protest. The artist, poet and Warhol protégé Jean-Michel Basquiat was at the forefront of the movement, famously spraying his tag SAMO© across New York City, and together with the pioneering Lee Quinones took writing from the street into galleries. They also worked with fellow artist Fab Five Freddy on graffiti-ing the sets of music videos for the post-punk band Blondie.

How To Write Rap Lyrics - News


Hip-hop moments that shook the world

Its tongue-twisting lyrics – "I said a hip, hop, a hippie, a hippie to the hip hip hop, and you don't stop" – and funky groove were created by the Sugar Hill Gang after they heard "Good Times" at a party and spontaneously freestyled over it.



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